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A security audit refers to a comprehensive evaluation of an organization's security policies, procedures, and controls. Its purpose is to assess the effectiveness of security measures in place to protect sensitive data and assets. By examining how security protocols are implemented and identifying any potential vulnerabilities or compliance issues, a security audit helps ensure that best practices are followed and that the organization is prepared to mitigate any risks related to security breaches.

This process often involves reviewing documentation, conducting interviews, and performing tests to validate the effectiveness of security controls. The insights gained from a security audit can guide an organization in strengthening its overall security posture and forming strategies for better risk management.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately depict the scope and objectives of a security audit. A routine check of hardware components is more about equipment maintenance than assessing security protocols. Evaluating user satisfaction pertains to user experience rather than security effectiveness. Meanwhile, software testing techniques focus on functionality and performance of software, which does not align with the core intention of a security audit.