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Implementing access controls is primarily aimed at limiting access to approved users only, ensuring that sensitive or critical information is only available to those individuals who have been granted permission. This is a fundamental principle in information security known as the principle of least privilege. By restricting access, organizations can mitigate the risk of unauthorized access, data breaches, and potential misuse of confidential information.

This approach helps protect sensitive data from both internal and external threats, thereby enhancing the overall security posture of the organization. Access controls can include mechanisms such as authentication processes, user roles, and permissions, which help to uphold the integrity and confidentiality of data by ensuring that only those who need access to certain resources can obtain it.

In contrast, promoting open access to all data would lead to significant security vulnerabilities, as it would allow anyone to access potentially sensitive information. Simplifying IT governance does not directly relate to the core purpose of access controls, which is more focused on security measures than governance efficiency. Finally, eliminating the need for training is not a goal of access controls, as users must understand how to interact safely and appropriately with the data, which often requires training on the established protocols and systems in place to enforce these controls.